How To Questions & Answers | Page 11

Unwanted resistance in a circuit is measured using ohms ($\Omega$), typically with a multimeter to identify areas of high resistance.

Silver has the least resistance due to its highest conductivity, with $\sigma_{\text{Ag}} \approx 6.30 \times 10^7 \, \text{S/m}$.

An electron has a smaller mass than a proton and a negative charge ($m_e \approx 9.109 \times 10^{-31}$ kg).

Neon has 8 valence electrons due to its electron configuration $1s^2 \; 2s^2 \; 2p^6$, which completes its octet in the outermost shell.

The primary waste product of the electron transport chain is water (H$_2$O), formed when oxygen accepts electrons and protons.

Iodine has more protons than sulfur, as its atomic number is 53, while sulfur's is only 16 ($\boxed{53 > 16}$).

In silicon-28, there are 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons.

The element with 32 protons in its nucleus is Germanium (Ge), with an atomic number $Z = 32$.