Explanation
Simplification of rational expressions involves reducing a rational expression to its simplest form. A rational expression is a fraction where both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The goal of simplification is to make this fraction as simple as possible.
Steps to Simplify Rational Expressions
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Factor both the numerator and the denominator:
Identify and factor out the greatest common factors (GCF) of the polynomials in both the numerator and the denominator.
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Cancel out common factors:
Any factor that appears in both the numerator and the denominator can be cancelled out.
Example
Consider the rational expression:
3x6x2+12x
Step 1: Factor the numerator and the denominator.
- Numerator: 6x2+12x=6x(x+2)
- Denominator: 3x=3x
So the expression becomes:
3x6x(x+2)
Step 2: Cancel out the common factors between the numerator and the denominator.
Since 6x and 3x share a common factor of 3x, we cancel it out:
3x6x(x+2)=12(x+2)=2(x+2)
So, the simplified form is:
2(x+2)
Important Notes
- Only common factors can be cancelled out.
- Ensure that the rational expression is defined (denominator ≠ 0) after simplifying.
- Simplification does not change the value but makes it easier to understand or use in further calculations.
Common Mistakes
- Leaving the factorization incomplete: Make sure to fully factorize both the numerator and the denominator.
- Cancelling terms that are not factors: Only factors, not terms, can be cancelled. For example, in x+3x+2, x cannot be cancelled as they are terms, not factors.
Understanding these fundamental steps and practicing multiple examples can significantly help in mastering the simplification of rational expressions.